What Are the Three Main Roles of Families?

Exam Date: ii/xiii

What are the 3 functions of today'southward families?

Unit 1 (capacity one-iv)

Chapter 1

● Definition of the family by the authors:

○ Any sexually expressive, parent-child, or other kin relationship in which people - normally related by ancestry, wedlock, or adoption 1. Form an

economic or otherwise practice unit and care for any children or

dependents 2. Consider their identity to be significantly attached to the

group 3. Commit to maintaining that grouping over time

● Functional definitions focus on the purpose for which something exists - what it does

● Structural definitions emphasizes the course that a thing takes - what it actually is ● 3 functions of today'south families:

What is u.s demography definition of family unit?

○ Raising Children Responsibly - feed, clothe, shelter during dependency. Train them in economics and culture so that they can become dependable members of the groups. Likewise, regulate sexual activity.

○ Providing economic and other practical back up: earning living outside of the home, pooling resources, and making consumption decisions

together. Forms material security. Other means include; nursing,

transportation and lending an ear

○ Offering emotional security: family members are a source of emotional "warmth"

● U.S Census definition of family: 2 + people related by claret, matrimony, or adoption residing in a household together.

● Household vs Family: A household is "any group of people residing together." not all households are families

What are the two chief family structures?

● 2 principal family unit structures:

○ Nuclear: in industrial or modernistic society this is the typical family

structure. Which is the husband, wife, and any children residing in the We likewise discuss several other topics like What are the six rules of critical thinking?

dwelling. Nosotros also discuss several other topics like What is the definition of family?

○ Extended: children, parents, grandparents and whatever other relatives residing in the dwelling house

● Postmodern Family unit: families today exhibit a multiplicity of forms and that new or altered family forms go on to sally and develop

● *The definition of family is important in terms of business, law, and regime considering of things like insurance, employee-benefits, and rent policies. Decisions about these three things need to be made keeping in mind what relationships or

groups of people are idea to be a family unit. Another example is same sex activity matrimony. The definition of spousal relationship had to exist conspicuously defined bc before 2015 same sex activity union used to be illegal. Therefore the definition of union had to be clearly stated every bit two contrary sexes.

● Social Institutions: patterned and largely predictable means of thinking and behaving- beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that are organized around vital aspects of group life and serve essential social functions

● Family refuse perspective: claims that a cultural change toward excessive individualism and self-indulgence has injure relationships, led to high divorce rates, and undermines responsible parenting

● Family Change Perspective: points out that some family changes are for the ameliorate and need to exist seen as historically expected adjustments to changing conditions in the wider gild.

● Social scientists view family unit as an adaptable institution therefore they should be supported as they exist today non equally they existed in the past and non recreate the "idealized" past. If you want to learn more check out What is the structure of a protein?

● Sociological imagination: the power to see things socially and how they collaborate and influence each other.

● Five Social factors that affect families:

○ Always-new biological and advice technologies

■ Development of applied science alters family unit relationships and our definition of families. If you want to learn more than bank check out What is the meaning of actus reus?

● Biological technologies: birth control, alternative methods

of getting pregnant (IVF, embryo transfers, donor or

bogus insemination)

● Communication technologies: being able to record domicile

movies, text, skype, electronic mail, use facebook, and GPS all alter

how families collaborate

○ Economic conditions

■ Economy has important consequences for family relationships ● Lower wages, longer hours, loss of benefits

● Poverty vs wealth

● Affects Life Chances: the opportunities one has for

education and work and whether or not one can afford to

pay for family healthcare, to marry, or the schools children Don't forget about the historic period erstwhile question of What is the meaning of caste of validity?

may get to

○ Historical periods or events

■ The shift from agricultural to industrial economy changed family composition as well as attitudes and behaviors

■ Increasing independence of women created marriage rates to driblet

and divorce rates to increase

○ Demographic characteristics (age, race, faith etc)

■ Longer life expectancies means longer marriages, longer period of

time of interaction between child and parent

○ Family unit policy

■ All the procedures, regulations, attitudes, and goals of programs

and agencies, workplace, educational institutions, and gov that

touch families.

● Ex: adoption, childcare, partner relationships, child

custody, family violence

● *we should view these policies through a family impact If you want to learn more bank check out What makes whatever field a science?

lens considering these decisions heavily touch the

relationships of the family unit and the well-being of individuals

inside the family

● Deciding vs Sliding: being informed and making a conscious decision vs not making a conscious decision

● Family unit identity: ideas and feelings about the uniqueness and value of 1'due south family unit -- energy via traditions and rituals

● Self concept: basic feelings people take almost themselves, their abilities, characteristics, and worth. The family unit creates the setting for which self-concept develops

● Familistic values: focus on the family as a whole, they emphasize the goals needs and identity of the group

● Individualistic values: encourage people to call back in terms of personal happiness and goals and the development of a singled-out individual identity

Chapter ii

● Personal experience can create blinders to what is normal or typical. We tend to assume that our own family dynamics are the norm even though all families and family unit practices differ

● Theoretical perspectives: ways of viewing reality. They assistance family researchers to identify those aspects of families and relationships that interest them and suggests possible explanations for why patterns and behaviors are the way they are

● Family unit environmental: the ecological context of the family unit affects family life and children's outcomes. Natural physical-biological surround, social-cultural environment ● Structure-functional perspective: investigates how a given social structure functions to fill basic societal needs

● Commutation theory: applies an economical perspective to social relationships; when individuals are engaged in social exchanged they prefer to limit their costs and maximize their rewards

● Family systems theory: views the family unit as a whole, or organisation, comprising interrelated parts and demarcated boundaries

● Conflict perspective: non all family behavior is for the well being of the group. ○ Calls attention to (unequal) power

○ Focuses on issues like male authorisation

● 5 data collection techniques

○ Interviews, questionnaires, and surveys

○ Naturalistic observations

○ Focus groups

○ Experiments and laboratory observation

○ Clinicians example report

Chapter 3

● Sexual practice: used in reference to male or femal anatomy and physiology

● Gender identity: refers to the caste to which we see ourselves as feminine, masculine, transsexual or having no gender at all

● Intersex: having been built-in with ambigous genital anatomy

● Transgender: may exist straight, lesbian/gay/bisexual, or describe their sexuality in some other way (ordinarily transitions to opposite gender).

● Guild complications: soceity expects females to develop a femine gender role and males a masculine i, nevertheless some people do non feel at ease with their sex activity ascribed at nascence

● Non everyone goes through sex-reassignment surgery they typically just change their gender identity

● Instrumental graphic symbol traits: strength, confidence, self-reliance, assertiveness, and ambition

● Expressive grapheme traits: warmth, sensitivity, the power to express tender feelings and placing business concern about others welfare above self involvement

● Masculinities:

○ Varied means to demonstrate masculinity

■ Group leadership

■ Protecting group territory and weaker or dependent others

■ Providing resources typically by means of occupational success

○ "New man" was financially successful, emotionally sensitive, valuing tenderness and equal relationships with women

● Femininities:

○ Offering emotional support, physically attractive, not too competitive, a good listener, adjustable, and a helpmate to men

● Bifurcated consciousness: a divided perception according to which she is aware of and often troubles by 2 alien letters

○ Caregiving is near important

○ Caregiving is not as high values across society as is career success

● To what extent do individuals follow cultural expectations:

○ Men and women are more than akin than they are different, with some exceptions ● Intersectionality: structural connections among race, course, and gender ● Costs of "traditional" gender expectations:

○ Higher decease rates

○ Thwart career opportunities

○ Deplete men's confidence in nontraditional family unit roles

○ Both gender'due south ability to communicate supportively with one another is damaged ● Gender Structure: shapes roles that individuals are expected to follow ● Socialization: the process by which guild influences members to internalize attitude and expectations

● Education:

○ More female than males in college

○ Same major paths

○ More than male dropouts

Chapter four

● Sexual exploration starts at birth

● Earlier sexual maturity is associated with before onset of romantic

involvement, sexual intercourse, depression and feet, behavior

problems, smoking and alcohol apply, accelerate archway in cohabitation

and spousal relationship

● Earlier sexual maturity is due to diet, physical activity, and pollution ● Sexual identity: refers to whether i is attracted to ane's own gender or the opposite gender

○ Gender identity does not predict sexual identity and vice versa

○ The general public greatly overestimates the percentage of

gay/lesbian/bisexuals

○ Evolution of sexual identity and what causes someone to be attracted to a specific gender is unknown

● Asexuality: no sexual attraction to others, desire intimate relations just non sexual relations

● Interpersonal exchange: satisfaction depends on costs and rewards of a sexual human relationship

● Interactionist perspective: emphasizes the interpersonal negotiation of relationships in the context of sexual scripts

● Patriarchal sexuality: characterized by many beliefs, values, mental attitude, and behaviors developed to protect the male line of descent (withal persists today to a sure extent)

● Expressive sexuality: sexuality is seen every bit basic to the humanness of both women and men; there is no one-sided sense of ownership

● Four standards for sex activity outside of committed relationships ○ Forbearance: refraining from sexual activity

○ Sex with affection: having sexual practice within a committed relationship, exclusively with ane person, or 1 that we care almost

○ Sex without bear upon/ recreational sex: sexual encounters hateful nix more merely sex. (friends with benefits, hooking upward). ○ Double standard: women's sexual behavior must be more than conservative than men

● Outcome of age on sexuality: as age increases, sexual drive decreases ● Porn:

○ More prevalent today

○ Avg internet porn user= middle anile homo of median income ○ Among men and women, men are more probable to view porn ○ *may contribute to a heteroxeual couple'southward gender inequality and the objectification of the female person partner

● Adolescent sexuality:

○ Teen sexual intercourse rates accept declined since the xc's ○ Sexual practice education is contributed to the decline

● HIV/AIDS:

○ The gay population (male-male relationships) are more likely to obtain AIDS/ HIV

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